Fluorescence-based optical phase conjugation through scattering media

Generating a complex optical excitation pattern through biological tissue is of great importance for non-invasive biomedical studies. However, for many biological applications, our ability to control light is greatly limited by multiple scattering and physiological motions. While optical phase conjugation has potential to overcome these challenges, techniques based on fluorescence are still at an immature stage, requiring a single isolated guide star. Exploiting multiple or extended fluorescent guide stars will greatly benefit a wide range of applications, such as deep tissue optogenetics, because of the availability and targeted labeling of fluorescent probes. The goal of this proposal is to achieve active control of light through scattering media using multiple or extended fluorescent guide stars via advanced holographic technique and optical phase conjugation, and test its viability for biological tissue.