Aligning Brain Rhythms: Understanding the mechanisms of cortical tracking of speech to improve language functions with real time closed-loop neurofeedback

Speech processing and reading are essential unique human abilities underpinning social, educational, and professional advancement. However early biomarkers for learning disabilities such as Developmental Dyslexia (DD) and for second language learning have yet to be identified. Here, cutting edge neuroimaging tools, carefully designed tasks, and longitudinal designs will be used to record cortical tracking of speech (CTS), namely, the temporal alignment between fluctuations in the speech signal and fluctuations in electrical brain activity across different populations. Specifically, we will investigate the predictive ability and causality of CTS 1) at an early age in language development, 2) for second language learning, reading, DD and illiteracy, 3) establish the domain-specificity of CTS as ‘biomarker of language processing’, and 4) pioneer a real-time closed-loop neurofeedback protocol modulating CTS to adaptively change language processing and learning through neurofeedback. This project represents a radically new scientific approach that will break new ground by investigating the predictive ability of CTS that combined with longitudinal designs and real-time closed-loop neurofeedback will allow us to (1) establish causal relationships and (2) use this novel approach to improve L2 learning and to diagnose and remediate DD.