Disentangling and enhancing the central role of predatory arthropods in trophic webs within African cacao agroforestry through ecological intensification

West Africa produces approximately half of the cacao consumed worldwide, but yields are threatened by unsustainable farming practices and the impact of pests and diseases. It is thus urgent to develop sustainable alternatives that protect local biodiversity and enhance ecosystem services such as biological pest control. Trophic ecology research is necessary to understand the ecology of pest predators and how to enhance them, but there are still large knowledge gaps in cacao trophic webs. Mesopredatory arthropods have been rarely researched, despite being considerably more abundant and diverse than apex predators, whose effect on pests and cacao yield has been studied. TheCacaoWeb aims to address central knowledge gaps about the role of mesopredatory arthropods in biocontrol and cacao crop yield in Côte d’Ivoire, the largest cacao producer worldwide. Through a multi-factorial experiment and metabarcoding approaches, I will assess how the diversity and diet of mesopredatory arthropods changes when agroforests are managed with or without insecticides, and under the presence of different shade tree species. Through a secondment at the Swiss Ornithological Institute, I will be able to assess how insectivorous birds affect mesopredatory arthropods and their diets, and the consequences of these multi-trophic interactions for crop yield. This secondment will also allow me to work as a researcher outside academia. TheCacaoWeb will bridge key gaps in trophic ecology, while addressing pressing questions to enhance sustainable farming practices in the cacao field. I will share my results with stakeholders in Switzerland, Côte d’Ivoire, and other countries in West Africa, expanding my collaboration network and ensuring that my scientific advances impact practice. This project will position me as an independent tropical ecologist in Europe standing out for the ability to apply scientific advances to solve current problematics in tropical agriculture and biodiversity conservation.