TRANSOPP - The Dynamics of Transnational Support to Opposition Movements in Lebanon and Iraq

In my research project, I aim to investigate the inter- and transnational dynamics of opposition to regimes in ethno-religiously divided societies, with a specific focus on how groups within the Lebanese and Iraqi diaspora populations contribute to challenging the regimes in their countries of origin. By uncovering novel aspects of diaspora communities’ role as drivers of change, the project will provide significant contributions to the scientific debates on increasing stability, prosperity, and democratic accountability in countries with a history of sectarian conflict and authoritarian rule. Furthermore, it will generate relevant knowledge for policymakers and EU institutions on how to engage diaspora communities in promoting stability in the Middle East during times of increased unrest. So far, most studies of Lebanon's and Iraq's diasporas have focused on how these communities challenge regimes in their countries of origin through direct forms of activism such as mobilizing expat voters or organizing solidarity demonstrations in support of anti-regime uprisings. Less is known about how they use initiatives, such as social entrepreneurship, cultural engagement, reconstruction, and charity work, to exercise more indirect forms of oppositional engagement. Given the limited success of direct political campaigns, these indirect forms of engagement provide an alternative way to achieve impact. The project seeks to uncover the nature, potential, and significance of indirect oppositional diaspora engagement.