Do fetuses perceive social stimuli? A magnetoencephalography investigation of the prenatal mind.

What can a fetus perceive? Leveraging rare, specialized resources at the University of Tuebingen's fMEG Center, FETAL-MIND will conduct the first-ever study of fetal neural responses to social stimuli using recent innovations toward in utero stimulus delivery and cutting edge techniques for fetal brain signal detection. This groundbreaking project will challenge the widespread view of fetuses as isolated and unaware by examining fetal neural responses to non-maternal vocal stimuli and face-like patterns projected into the womb. Specifically, FETAL-MIND will use fetal magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the third trimester (32-40 weeks gestation), employing both traditional superconducting MEG (sMEG) and newer optically pumped magnetometers (oMEG) to detect fetal neural responses to social stimuli (face-like patterns and voices). Compared with sMEG, oMEG is portable, less expensive, and can be applied flexibly across different populations. Thus, by validating oMEG for fetal recordings, FETAL-MIND offers an enormous technical contribution to both basic research and clinical fields. Furthermore, the project's findings may lay the groundwork for developing early biomarkers of atypical neurodevelopment, particularly for conditions involving social deficits such as autism spectrum disorder. The project is structured into five work packages (WPs). WP1 pilots the stimuli and estimates effect sizes. WP2 conducts larger-scale experiments based on results from WP1 and focuses on neural effects, while WP3 focuses on arousal effects (fetal heart rate). WP4 compares sMEG and oMEG recordings in the same fetal subjects and, finally, WP5 follows up with postnatal measurements. This staged approach mitigates risks by allowing for methodological refinement based on intermediate results from WP1. Moreover, FETAL-MIND leverages expertise and resources at the Tuebingen fMEG Center, including specialized equipment and established protocols for fetal MEG recordings to maximize success.